Draft:Pseudopedia/P.C.B
Communist Party of Brazil Partido Comunista do Brasil | |
|---|---|
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| Abbreviation | P.C.B |
| General Secretary | Unknown |
| Founded | 25 March 1922 |
| Headquarters | Unknown |
| Newspaper | A Nova Democracia |
| Youth wing | Movimento Estudantil Popular Revolucionário |
| Women's wing | Movimento Feminino Popular |
| Ideology |
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| Political position | Far-left |
| International affiliation | International Communist League |
| Slogan | Viva o Partido Comunista do Brasil - P.C.B! Viva o Maoísmo! Abaixo o Revisionismo! ("Long live the Communist Party of Brazil - P.C.B! Long live Maoism! Down with Revisionism!") |
| Party flag | |
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The Communist Party of Brazil, formely Communist Party of Brazil - Red Fraction, is a clandestine, revolutionary vanguard party that seeks to stablish a socialist government in the country. The party ideology is Marxism-Leninism-Maoism.
History
Foundations
The P.C.B was founded by a group of nineteen delusioned anarcho-syndicalists in 25 of March of 1922, inspired by the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, they took up the name Communist Party of Brazil and began to be followers of Bolshevism, later Marxism-Leninism.
Revolution of 1935
With the coup of 1930 and the subsequent reactionary attempts are restoring the deposed government, the regime of Getúlio Vargas increasingly took a fascist caracter, that would be officialized in 1937. Seeing the developments, the P.C.B led national revolution, with an alliance of democratic elements inside the country and under the relationship of veteran guerrila leader Luiz Carlos Prestes, the revolt was launched, the popular government took power in Rio Grande do Norte, but only lasted three days with the failure of the revolt in other parts of the country. The failure is largely due to the party's ignorance of the Cominterm's advice to build up support with the peasantry in semi-colonial, semi-feudal countries like Brazil.
Split in 1961
After the attempted revolution, the party was again legalised in 1945, with the fall of the Estado Novo, only to be banned again shortly after. During this time, in 1956, the infamous 20th Congress of the CPSU happened, where Khruschev denounced Stalin and led the party to an openly revisionist path. This split would case the majority of the P.C.B, including secretary general Luiz Carlos Prestes, to liquidate the party, following the instructions of the Khruschevite Soviet Union, it abandoned armed struggle, changing the name of the party to Partido Comunista Brasileiro (Brazilian Communist Party). A group of 119 cadres, with fundamental documents called "The Letter of the 100" split from PCB (which maintained its abbreviation) and formed PCdoB, which splicity rejected the Soviet Union and electoralism.
Military Dictatorship and Armed Struggle
The PCdoB would be soon tested, as in 1964, a pro-USA military coup replaced the elected government. The PCB rejected armed struggle, even with persecution, while the PCdoB began armed actions. The PCB resistance to instruct the cadres to fight led to many splits, with the most famous one being Carlos Marighella and his group, the Aliança Libertadora Nacional (National Libertarian Alliance). PCdoB regrouped and, in 1967, launched a people's protracted war in the Araguaia region, in the state of Goiás, the party, homeover, did not fully adhere to Mao Tsé-Tung tough, and the People's War had a much more focoist essence, this led to, again, a split, this time in the PCdoB, where Manuel Lisboa founded the Partido Comunista Revolucionário (Revolutionary Communist Party), which sought to adhere de-facto to Mao Tsé-Tung tough rather than only in appearence. The reaction came in 1972, after year of low-level armed struggle, the army crackdown finished off the guerrilas by 1974. Pedro Pomar, leader of the PCdoB, aswell as the entire central comitte, was assasinated two years later in São Paulo. Mariguella died in 1969 and Manuel Lisboa in 1973.
Return of Civilian Government and Red Fraction
In 1979, the Civilian government started to return to power, which prompted the revisinist PCB to seek legality, only to go trough an inner-party coup which liquitaded the party. With most of the leadership dead, the PCdoB was left to the opportunist João Amazonas, which rejected Mao-Tsé-Tung tough and adhered to Hoxhaism, only to again liquidate the party in 1979, following the footsteps of Prestes, que rejected armed struggle, meanwhile, Prestes himself apologised to the communist movement for his failures and his revisionism, in a later named "Carta aos Comunistas" (Letter to the Communists). One of the groups that left the PCB in 1964 was group of university students which called themselfs MR8 (Movimento Revolucionário 8 de Outubro), inspired by Che Guevara, they start an urban insurgency against the government, only to suffer heavy losses. By 1979, the party had lost its Marxist inspirations, but inside it, fractions began to form. Inside the MR8, the "Red Fraction" was formed, inspired by the Communist Party of Peru and their People's War in the neighborring country, the Red Fraction adhered to Marxism Leninism Maoism, and started thes struggle to reconstitute the Communist Party of Brazil. Adhering to the universal aspects of Gonzalo Tought, with concentric construction, many mass organizations have appeared and taken the P.C.B as its leadership, the most notable being the Liga dos Camponeses Pobres (Poor Peasants League).
By 2022, the P.C.B dropped the "Red Fraction" from its name.
